Where to Start

 Quantum-Geometry Dynamics has progressed considerably since it was first introduced 15 years ago. As my understanding of the implications of the axiom set it is derived from increased, so has its applications to physics problems. I left older posts as a reference even those which have been found incorrect or obsolete. For current state of QGD see latest posts and latest version of Quantum-Geometry Dynamics; an axiomatic approach to physics.

Clarifications Regarding Variations in Instantaneous Gravity

Clarification about the Role the Threshold Distance Plays in Galaxy Dynamics

Summary of the Laws of Physics Derived from the Axioms of QGD

Below is a summary of the laws of physics that have been derived from the axiom set of 

Quantum-Geometry Dynamics.

The details of those derivations can be found in my book Quantum-Geometry Dynamics; an axiomatic approach to physics.

Beyond Entanglement? How QGD Explains Those Spooky Bell Test Correlations

Bell type experiments are famous for demonstrating seemingly impossible correlations between particles, often leading to talk of "spooky action at a distance" and non-locality. Standard quantum mechanics explains this through entanglement. But what if there's another way to look at it? Quantum-Geometry Dynamics (QGD) offers a totally different perspective, one that challenges some of our deepest assumptions about space, time, and reality.

QGD proposes that the correlations seen in Bell tests aren't a result of conventional quantum entanglement as currently understood, but rather instantaneous effects mediated by gravity. Yes, you read that right – instantaneous.

Here's the core idea:

• Instantaneous Gravitational Effects: Unlike the propagation of particles or non-gravitational interactions (like the absorption and emission of particles), which are limited by the speed of light (c), QGD suggests that gravitational interactions are instantaneous. They happen without mediating particles.
• Local Interactions, Instantaneous Influence: These instantaneous effects, according to QGD, arise from local interactions that are mediated through gravity. The influence of one so-called entangled particle on another occurs instantly via changes in their gravitational interaction . The strength of this influence depends on the distance between the particles in "quantum geometrical space".
• Re-evaluating Locality and Bell Tests: Bell's theorem highlights non-locality by demonstrating correlations that cannot be explained by local hidden variables if one assumes no faster-than-light interactions. QGD, by positing instantaneous gravitational interactions, offers a mechanism that is faster than light [i]. This leads QGD to question the interpretation of Bell test violations [i]. QGD suggests that these violations could potentially be attributed to instantaneous classical effects, like the gravitational interactions it describes, rather than being solely indicative of quantum mechanical entanglement. One key difference pointed out is that realism is preserved in QGD, allowing for simultaneous and certain measurement of conjugate properties, which is not the case in standard quantum mechanics.
• Describing the Mechanism: In a Bell experiment where a measurement on one particle affects another far away, QGD describes this non-local effect. It suggests that the influence on the distant particle stems from the change in the gravitational interaction of the measured particle, proportional to the momentum transferred during the measurement. This non-local effect's amplitude varies with the "quantum-geometrical distance" and the scale of the objects involved.
• Strict Causality: Despite the instantaneous nature of gravitational interactions, QGD maintains that reality is strictly causal, and all events are strictly causal.

From the QGD perspective, Bell tests, while groundbreaking, might be detecting the signature of fundamental, instantaneous gravitational interactions inherent to the structure of space, rather than exclusively proving the bizarre non-locality of quantum entanglement as traditionally understood [i]. It offers "something to think about" when considering the nature of reality and the phenomena observed in quantum experiments.

For detailed explanation see article On the Non-local effects of local events and the local effects of non-local events

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Unravelling the Quantum Universe: How Different Theories Tackle Gravity and Spacetime

Have you ever wondered what happens at the absolute smallest scales of the universe? We have two incredibly successful theories describing reality: General Relativity (GR) for the large-scale structure of gravity and spacetime, and Quantum Mechanics (QM) for the microscopic world of particles and forces. But they don't play well together, especially when gravity becomes extremely strong, like near the Big Bang or inside black holes, where Einstein's smooth, continuous picture of spacetime geometry seems to break down.

The quest to unify these two pillars of modern physics into a single theory of "quantum gravity" is one of the biggest challenges in physics today. It's like needing a whole new language to describe the quantum nature of geometry. Several theoretical frameworks are vying for this ultimate prize, each taking a unique approach.

Let's break down the differences between Quantum Geometry Dynamics (QGD), Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), and Causal Dynamical Triangulation (CDT).

These are all approaches attempting to tackle the significant challenge of unifying general relativity (GR) and quantum physics, often referred to as the problem of quantum gravity. However, they propose fundamentally different paths to achieve this.

Here's a look at each theory based on the provided sources:

Quantum-Geometry Dynamics (QGD)

QGD is presented as an axiomatic approach to physics. It aims to build the entire physical framework from a few fundamental postulates. This is framed as a response to Hilbert's call for axiomatizing physics.

• Core Axioms/Concepts:
  • Strict causality.
  • Fundamental particles called preons. Preons plus form matter and carry intrinsic kinetic energy and mass (defined as the number of preons plus). Preons minus make up space.
  • Discrete Space: Space is fundamentally discrete and granular, made of static preons (minus). Euclidean geometry is an emergent approximation at larger scales. The repulsion between prons minus is said to create quantum geometrical space itself.
  • Relational Time: Time is not fundamental but purely relational, defined by counting the recurrent states of periodic systems (clocks). This is proposed to sidestep the "problem of time" inherent in trying to combine QM and GR.
  • Fundamental Forces (p-gravity/n-gravity): Forces arise from preonic interactions. P-gravity is attractive between preons plus (matter). N-gravity is repulsive between preons minus (space).
  • Instantaneous Gravity: QGD proposes that gravitational interactions are instantaneous, directly changing the momentum of particles without delay. This is a major departure from relativity's speed limit (C).
  • Intrinsic vs. Metric Velocity: Distinguishes between a particle's frame-independent intrinsic velocity (momentum/mass) and the observer-dependent metric velocity (measured distance/time). The intrinsic velocity of light (photons, made of prons plus) is constant C.
• Key Predictions/Consequences:
  • One-Way Speed of Light: Predicts the measured one-way speed of light might not be constant or isotropic, potentially revealing absolute motion relative to the discrete space. This is a key, potentially testable difference from Special Relativity.
  • Gravity as Composite Effect: Gravity emerges from the combined effects of instantaneous pravity and nravity.
  • Repulsive Gravity: Predicts gravity becomes repulsive at large distances, potentially explaining dark energy.
  • Dark Matter: Explained as the gravitational pull of free prons plus (not bound into visible matter).
  • Alternative GW Interpretation: Signals detected by LIGO/Virgo are interpreted as intense electromagnetic or "preonic" disturbances traveling at c, rather than spacetime ripples.
  • Equivalence Principle: Predicts a potential violation of the strong equivalence principle, suggesting gravitational and non-gravitational acceleration might be subtly distinguishable.
  • Mass/Energy Relation: E=MC is a proportionality (E proportional to M), not an equivalence. Mass (preon(+) count) is distinct from energy (preon(+) kinetic energy). Nuclear reactions release bound preons(+) plus and their energy, not mass conversion.
  • Discrete Mathematics: Suggests reality might be fundamentally discrete and finite, implying continuous math is an approximation.

QGD is presented as challenging fundamental assumptions of both QM and GR (continuous spacetime, fundamental time, speed of light as universal limit/constant in all measurements, nature of gravity) and offering alternative, often particle-based, explanations for observed phenomena.

Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG)

LQG is described as a prominent candidate for quantum gravity that takes the core lesson of GR seriously: that gravity is geometry. It aims to be a background-independent quantization of general relativity. This means it does not assume a pre-existing spacetime metric.

• Core Ideas/Approach:
  • Reformulates GR using the language of gauge theories.
  • Quantizes this reformulated geometry using non-perturbative techniques. This avoids starting with quantum matter on a background geometry and perturbatively incorporating gravity.
  • Constructs a theory of quantum Riemannian geometry.
  • Discreteness Emerges: A key result is that space and time are found to be granular and discrete. This discreteness is seen as emerging naturally from the quantization process, unlike in some other approaches.
  • Quantum Loops/Spin Networks: The fundamental "building blocks" of space-time are described in terms of quantum loops, or more generally, spin networks, which are like intricate lattices or polymer-like structures. Diffeomorphism invariant physical states are labeled by knots.
  • Discrete Spectra: Operators corresponding to geometrical quantities like area and volume have discrete spectra. This is interpreted as meaning physical measurements of area/volume would yield quantized results.
  • Relational Dynamics: Quantum dynamics is described relationally, often using a matter field as an internal clock.
  • Singularity Resolution: In cosmology (Loop Quantum Cosmology - LQC), singularities like the big bang are resolved, often replaced by a big bounce.
  • Dynamics (Spinfoams/Hamiltonian): There are two main approaches to quantum dynamics, Hamiltonian constraint methods (related to Dirac's work) and spinfoams (extending path integrals). The dynamics is still being developed.
• Scope: LQG is described as being more focused than string theory, concentrating solely on the quantization of gravity, not aiming for a comprehensive theory of everything (TOE) that unifies all interactions. Matter is coupled to the theory.
• Challenges: A key challenge is the treatment of dynamics and connecting the theory to the classical limit (recovering GR at large scales). LQG, like string theory, currently lacks experimental evidence to validate its ideas.

Causal Dynamical Triangulation (CDT)

CDT is described as another background independent approach to quantum gravity. It is formulated as a non-perturbative lattice theory using triangulated spacetimes.

• Core Ideas/Approach:
  • Defines the quantum theory via a path integral, but instead of integrating over continuous geometries, it sums over discrete triangulations (simplicial manifolds). This discretization is a standard regularization technique used in Quantum Field Theory (QFT).
  • Causality Constraint: A crucial feature that distinguishes CDT from other dynamical triangulation approaches is the imposition of a causality condition. This is done by assuming a global proper-time foliation, which distinguishes between time-like and space-like links in the triangulation and prevents spacetime from breaking up into "baby universes".
  • Discreteness as Regularization: Unlike LQG where discreteness is seen as fundamental and emerging from quantization, in CDT the discreteness of the triangulations is put in by hand as a regularization. The goal is to take a continuum limit where this discretization is removed.
  • Emergence of Spacetime: The process attempts to show how the spacetime fabric itself evolves from the gluing of these discrete units. At large scales, CDT simulations show the emergence of the familiar 4-dimensional spacetime. Near the Planck scale, it suggests spacetime might be 2-dimensional and have a fractal structure.
  • Geometric Approach: CDT is described as a purely geometric approach. The distance or "interval" between points in a triangulation can be calculated exactly.
• Related Theories: CDT shares similarities with spin foam formulations of LQG, both using path integrals over discrete structures, but differs in degrees of freedom and Lagrangians. It is also closely related to causal sets, both modeling spacetime with a discrete causal structure, but CDT assumes a more specific relationship between the lattice and geometry. In the continuum limit, CDT might be related to Hořava–Lifshitz gravity due to the reliance on spacetime foliation.
• Challenges: Understanding the continuum limit remains a difficult task. Like LQG, CDT currently lacks experimental evidence. Due to numerical simulation requirements, it doesn't make sense to describe CDT with just a few simplices; typically hundreds of thousands or millions are used.

Key Differences Summarized:

Based on the sources, here are some primary differences:

1. Fundamental Approach:
   • QGD: Axiomatic, building physics from fundamental particles (preons) and their interactions, from which space and forces emerge.
   • LQG: Quantization of the geometry of General Relativity using non-perturbative gauge theory methods.
   • CDT: Path integral defined by summing over discrete, causally constrained triangulations of spacetime.
2. Nature of Discreteness:
   • QGD: Space is fundamentally discrete as a starting axiom.
   • LQG: Discreteness of space emerges from the quantization of geometry. The fundamental entities are quantum loops/spin networks representing quanta of geometry.
   • CDT: Discreteness (triangulation) is primarily a regularization technique for the path integral, intended to be removed in the continuum limit.
3. Treatment of Time:
   • QGD: Time is relational, not fundamental, defined by change.
   • LQG: Employs relational time for describing dynamics.
   • CDT: Uses a fixed proper-time foliation to enforce causality.
4. Mechanism of Gravity:
   • QGD: Gravity is a composite effect of instantaneous interactions (p-gravity and n-gravity) between fundamental particles (preons).
   • LQG: Gravity is a manifestation of the quantum nature of spacetime geometry.
   • CDT: Gravity arises from the geometric sum over allowed discrete spacetime configurations, leading to the emergence of macroscopic spacetime geometry.
5. Focus and Scope:
   • QGD: Aims to provide a complete alternative framework explaining matter, forces, and cosmology from basic axioms.
   • LQG: Primarily focused on the quantization of the gravitational field and spacetime geometry, not presented as a theory of everything.
   • CDT: Focuses on constructing spacetime via a geometric path integral approach.
6. Nature of Building Blocks:
   • QGD: Starts with fundamental particles (preons) and their interactions.
   • LQG: Fundamental entities are quanta of geometry represented by loops/spin networks.
   • CDT: Fundamental entities are simplices (triangular building blocks) that form the discrete spacetime approximations.
7. Experimental Predictions:
   • QGD: Proposes specific, potentially testable differences from relativity, such as anisotropy in the one-way speed of light, details about dark matter/energy, equivalence principle violation, and reinterpretation of gravitational waves.
   • LQG: Predicts discrete spectra for area/volume (difficult to test directly) and makes predictions for cosmology in LQC. Faces general challenges with direct experimental verification.
   • CDT: Predicts the emergence of 4D spacetime at large scales and 2D fractal structure at Planck scales. Also faces significant challenges with experimental verification.

In essence, QGD is an axiomatic, particle-based approach postulating fundamental discreteness and instantaneous interactions. LQG is a non-perturbative quantization of GR focusing on emergent discrete quantum geometry. CDT is a path integral approach using discrete, causally constrained geometric building blocks as a regularization. While all are background-independent approaches to quantum gravity, their starting points, fundamental concepts, and the way discreteness is handled are quite different.

 This episode of The Discrete Universe podcast, provides a summary of QGD's main ideas and concepts and their consequences.

Recent Cosmological Observations and QGD (audio podcast)

 

A Lopsided Universe? QGD and the Andromeda Satellite Problem

Distinguishing Quantum-Geometry Dynamics from Quantum Mechanics via Double-Slit Experiments

Could Quantum-Geometry Dynamics Shed Light on Anomalous Ionization in the Galactic Centre?

Quantum-Geometry Dynamics: A Deterministic View of Measurement

Quantum-Geometry Dynamics; an axiomatic approach to physics does not explicitly dedicate a section solely to the "measurement problem" as it is known in quantum mechanics. However, QGD's fundamental principles and its critique of quantum mechanics offer a perspective that implicitly addresses the issues at the heart of this problem.

Here's how QGD approaches the challenges raised by the measurement problem:

• Strict Causality and Determinism: QGD is founded on the principle of strict causality, which asserts that every successive state of a particle, structure, or system is strictly and uniquely causally linked to the preceding one. This deterministic view stands in contrast to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics where measurement outcomes are probabilistic. From a QGD perspective, the apparent randomness of quantum measurements is likely not fundamental but rather a consequence of an incomplete description at the quantum level.

• Discrete Nature of Reality: QGD posits that space and matter are fundamentally discrete. This discreteness implies that the evolution of systems occurs through discrete steps governed by strict causal laws at the level of preons. What appears as a probabilistic "collapse" of a superposition upon measurement in quantum mechanics might be explained in QGD as a deterministic transition between discrete states that is currently not fully understood or accessible by continuous mathematical models.

• Rejection of the Uncertainty Principle as Fundamental: QGD considers the uncertainty principle a consequence of quantum mechanics' assumption of continuous space, rather than a fundamental limitation of reality itself. In a discrete and strictly causal framework, the simultaneous and certain measurement of conjugate properties should, in principle, be possible. This suggests that the limitations imposed by the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, which contribute to the puzzle of measurement, are not inherent in the underlying reality as described by QGD.

• Instantaneous Gravitational Interactions: QGD proposes that gravitational interactions are instantaneous. This non-local aspect of QGD could be relevant to how measurement on one part of a system seemingly instantaneously affects another, as seen in entanglement. QGD suggests that observed violations of Bell's inequalities might be due to these instantaneous classical (gravitational) effects rather than quantum non-locality. This could imply that the act of measurement involves instantaneous gravitational interactions that determine the outcome in a strictly causal way.

• Incompleteness of Quantum Mechanics: QGD implicitly suggests that quantum mechanics is an incomplete theory. The need for probabilistic interpretations and the difficulties associated with the measurement problem might indicate that quantum mechanics does not fully capture the underlying deterministic and discrete reality. QGD aims to provide a more fundamental axiomatic basis that can explain these phenomena through strictly causal mechanisms at the preonic level, potentially resolving the measurement problem by providing a deterministic account of what happens during a measurement.

In summary, while QGD does not offer a specific "solution" to the measurement problem as a distinct topic, its core tenets of strict causality, the discrete nature of reality, the view of the uncertainty principle as non-fundamental, and instantaneous gravitational interactions provide a framework that inherently challenges the probabilistic interpretation of quantum measurement. QGD would likely argue that what appears as the "collapse" of a wave function is a deterministic process governed by underlying causal laws at the preonic level, and that a more complete theory based on its axioms would ultimately provide a strictly causal explanation for measurement outcomes.

Preonic Waves: An Alternative to Gravitational Waves

 

"Quantum-Geometry Dynamics (anaxiomatic approach to physics)" presents a theory (QGD) that has a distinct perspective on gravity and related phenomena, including what might be interpreted as gravitational waves. 

• QGD Precludes Gravitational Waves: According to QGD, gravitational waves do not exist. Instead, the signals detected by the LIGO-Virgo observatories, which are consistent with the gravitational waves predicted by general relativity, are proposed to have a different nature. 

•Preonic Waves as an Alternative: QGD suggests that the signals detected by LIGO-Virgo could be composed of polarized preons (the fundamental quanta of space in QGD) resulting from the polarization of large regions of the preonic field by coalescing binary systems, or by dark photons. The mechanism of preonic field polarization is discussed in the context of electromagnetic effects in QGD. 

•Polarization Mechanism: In QGD, polarizing particles or structures (analogous to charged particles in standard physics) interact with the preonic field (composed of free preons), causing it to become polarized. The intensity of this polarization, or magnetic moment, is proportional to the angular spin momentum of the particle and the density of the preonic field. For a binary system, as the stars accelerate towards each other, they become increasingly polarizing, leading to a wave-like variation in the polarization of the neighboring preonic field. 

•Distinguishing Preonic Waves from Gravitational Waves: QGD proposes that preonic waves could impart momentum to the mirrors of the LIGO-Virgo detectors, similar to how magnetic fields interact with matter. The variations in frequency and magnitude of these preonic waves, resulting from the dynamics of the coalescing bodies, would be similar to those predicted for gravitational waves by general relativity, making them observationally difficult to distinguish. QGD suggests that new experiments and instruments might be needed to differentiate between these two interpretations. 

•QGD Cosmogony and the Preonic Universe: QGD's cosmological model starts with an initial state where only free preons (+) existed and were homogeneously distributed throughout quantum-geometrical space. This is termed the preonic universe [16]. In this initial phase, the n-gravity (repulsive force between space preons (-)) and p-gravity (attractive force between matter preons (+)) fields were in perfect equilibrium. Over time, due to p-gravity, preons (+) condensed to form particles, starting with neutrinos and then photons, which eventually formed the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). The observed isotropy of the CMBR is a consequence of the initial isotropic distribution of preons (+). 

•Dark Matter and Dark Energy in QGD: QGD attributes the effects of dark matter to interactions between light and material structures with regions of space where free preons (+) have condensed (dark matter halos) [19-21]. The dark energy effect is suggested to be related to the jets of preons (+) and neutrinos radiated from black holes. 

•Implications for Cosmology: The QGD perspective alters the understanding of cosmological phenomena like redshift. QGD predicts an intrinsic gravitational redshift at the source itself, caused by gravitational acceleration, which contributes to the observed cosmological redshift, along with the Doppler effect. This explanation does not require the expansion of space in the same way as some interpretations of general relativity. Repulsive gravity at cosmological scales (between structures separated by distances greater than a threshold dΛ) also contributes to the large-scale structure and recession speeds of galaxies.

In contrast, the "New DESI Results Strengthen Hints That Dark Energy May Evolve" article focuses on observations within the standard cosmological model. It discusses how the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) data, combined with other cosmological observations, suggests that dark energy's influence might change over time, which poses a challenge to the standard model of cosmology. This article does not directly address gravitational waves or preonic fields. 

In summary, the QGD framework, as presented in one of the sources, offers an alternative explanation for the phenomena attributed to gravitational waves, suggesting they might be preonic waves arising from the polarization of the preonic field. This concept is embedded within a broader cosmological model that posits a preonic universe as its origin and offers alternative interpretations for dark matter, dark energy, and cosmological redshift, differing significantly from the standard cosmological model discussed in another source.

 

Strict Causality in Quantum-Geometry Dynamics: Implications for Physics

 The concept of a strictly causal universe as defined by Quantum-Geometry Dynamics (QGD) has significant implications for physics theories. According to QGD, all successive states of a particle, structure, or system are strictly and uniquely causally linked. This principle offers a way to understand the evolution of the universe as sequences of events connected by cause and effect, potentially allowing a description of evolution without relying on the relational concept of time.

Here are some key implications of a strictly causal universe within the framework of QGD for physics theories:

• Challenge to Spontaneity: Strict causality in QGD excludes spontaneity, which assumes that a particle or system can change based on probability over time without a specific cause. This challenges interpretations in other theories that might rely on inherent probabilistic behaviors without a clear causal mechanism at the fundamental level.
• Understanding the Source of Incompatibilities: QGD proposes that if reality is strictly causal, then it can be thought of as a complete and consistent axiomatic system. In this view, fundamental aspects of reality correspond to axioms, and non-fundamental aspects (observable phenomena) correspond to theorems. Incompatibilities between current physics theories arise because they are often founded on theorems derived from observations at different scales, rather than a unified set of fundamental axioms. A strictly causal framework suggests that a unified theory would require identifying the true fundamental axioms of reality.
• Possibility and Nature of a Theory of Everything (TOE): QGD's strict causality implies that a TOE is possible if it can be derived from the complete and consistent set of fundamental axioms governing the universe. However, it also suggests that achieving a TOE by simply unifying existing theories like the Standard Model and General Relativity might be mathematically impossible because they are based on mutually exclusive axiom sets. Instead, a TOE would need to be derived axiomatically from the most fundamental aspects of reality.
• Alternative to Time as a Fundamental Concept: The principle of strict causality in QGD suggests that the evolution of any system can be described without necessarily resorting to the relational concept of time. The universe changes from one state to the next due to concurrent causally related series of events, rather than evolving with time. This could lead to different formulations of physical laws that prioritize causal sequences over temporal evolution.
• Implications for Measurement and Observation: In a strictly causal universe as described by QGD, any change in a system is due to a specific cause. This perspective could influence the interpretation of quantum measurements and the role of the observer. While QGD acknowledges non-local effects, it attributes them to instantaneous gravitational interactions rather than inherent quantum randomness, suggesting a causal link even across distances. This contrasts with interpretations of quantum mechanics that emphasize intrinsic indeterminacy.
• Foundation for Axiomatic Approaches: QGD itself is presented as an axiomatic approach to physics, where the principle of strict causality is a guiding principle in choosing the fundamental axioms (such as the discreteness of space and the existence of preons). A strictly causal universe reinforces the idea that physics theories should be built from a self-consistent set of axioms that correspond to fundamental aspects of reality.

In summary, a strictly causal universe as envisioned by QGD has profound implications for how we understand the fundamental nature of reality, the relationships between different physics theories, and the possibility of a unified description of the universe. It emphasizes the primacy of causal connections and challenges the fundamental status of concepts like continuous space and time as they are often understood in other frameworks.

Preonic Waves: Could the "Gravitational Waves" We Detect Be Something Else Entirely?

 

Preonic Waves: Could the "Gravitational Waves" We Detect Be Something Else Entirely?

Hey everyone, in the fascinating realm of cosmology and fundamental physics, the detection of gravitational waves has been a monumental achievement. But what if the signals we're picking up have a different origin altogether? Let's delve into an alternative perspective offered by Quantum-Geometry Dynamics (QGD), a theory we've been exploring, which proposes the intriguing idea of preonic waves as a potential explanation for these observations.

As we know from the "Quantum-Geometry Dynamics" text, QGD presents a unique view of gravity, not as a fundamental force in the traditional sense, but as the combined effects of n-gravity (repulsive force between preons) and p-gravity (attractive force between preons +). This foundation leads to a very different interpretation of phenomena that other theories, like General Relativity (GR), attribute to gravitational waves.

The Mystery of LIGO-Virgo Signals: Gravitational Waves or Preonic Waves?

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo collaborations have detected several signals believed to be gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime predicted by Einstein's theory. However, QGD offers a compelling alternative. According to this framework, these signals might instead be modulations of preons (+) polarized by the motion of coalescing massive bodies.

Think back to our earlier discussions about QGD's fundamental particles. Space itself emerges from the interactions of preons (-), and matter is formed by preons (+) which move through this discrete space. These preons (+) can become polarized, leading to what we understand as magnetic fields. QGD suggests that intense gravitational events, like the merger of black holes or neutron stars, cause significant polarization in the surrounding preonic field, generating "preonic waves".

How Preonic Waves Could Mimic Gravitational Waves

Interestingly, QGD explains how these preonic waves could produce signals that resemble those predicted for gravitational waves:

• Wave-like Signal: The polarization of the preonic field by orbiting and merging massive objects would naturally create a wave-like disturbance.
• Increasing Frequency and Amplitude: As the bodies in a binary system spiral closer, their orbital speed, angular momenta, and the masses involved increase. This would lead to a higher frequency and more intense polarization of the preonic field, mirroring the characteristics of gravitational wave signals during a merger event.
• Speed of Light Propagation: Since preonic waves are composed of polarized preons (+), QGD posits that they would travel at the speed of light, consistent with multi-messenger observations like GW170817, which had electromagnetic counterparts.

Key Differences and Testable Predictions

While the observed signals might appear similar, the underlying mechanisms are fundamentally different, leading to potential avenues for distinguishing between these interpretations:

• No Gravitational Waves in QGD: QGD's description of gravity does not inherently include the concept of propagating gravitational waves as disturbances in spacetime itself. If preonic waves are the true nature of these signals, it would imply that gravitational waves, as predicted by GR, do not exist.
• Interaction with Detectors: QGD predicts that these preonic waves could impart momentum to the mirrors of the LIGO-Virgo detectors. Future, more sensitive instruments might be able to detect subtle differences in how these waves interact with matter compared to how gravitational waves are theorized to stretch and compress spacetime.
• Instantaneous Gravitational Effects: QGD proposes that gravitational interactions themselves are instantaneous and do not involve mediating particles. This contrasts with the idea of gravitational waves propagating at the speed of light. While directly observing this instantaneity is challenging, it has implications for understanding cosmic events and potential detection methods.

The Path Forward: Distinguishing Between Interpretations

The question then becomes: how do we determine whether the signals detected are indeed gravitational waves or these alternative preonic waves? The "Quantum-Geometry Dynamics" text suggests that differentiating between these predictions might require the design of new experiments and possibly new instruments. Support for the preonic wave interpretation could also come from other experiments that aim to test predictions related to the existence and properties of preons (+) themselves.

In Conclusion:

The idea of preonic waves offers a fascinating and fundamentally different way to understand the signals detected by gravitational wave observatories. Rooted in QGD's unique axiomatic approach to physics, this concept challenges the standard interpretation and highlights the ongoing quest to unravel the true nature of gravity and the universe's most energetic events. As our observational capabilities advance and new experiments are conceived, we may be able to shed light on whether the ripples we are sensing are in the fabric of spacetime itself or modulations in a fundamental preonic field. The journey of scientific discovery continues, and alternative perspectives like this are crucial for pushing the boundaries of our understanding.

Taking Quantum-Geometry Dynamics from Talk to Numbers: How QGD Aims for Quantitative Predictions

 I provided the book "Quantum-Geometry Dynamics; an axiomatic approach to physics" to NotebookLM and asked to write a blogpost that answers the question: "How can the qualitative predictions of QGD be transformed into quantitative predictions?" Read the blogpost it created below.

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Hey everyone, it's fascinating to dive into the world of theoretical physics, and recently we've been discussing Quantum-Geometry Dynamics (QGD), an intriguing axiomatic approach to understanding the universe. One question that naturally arises is: how can the interesting ideas within QGD move beyond the qualitative and make concrete, testable predictions with actual numbers? Let's break down how QGD aims to bridge this gap, drawing from the "Quantum-Geometry Dynamics (an axiomatic approach to physics)" document.

At its heart, QGD operates on a foundation of discrete space built from fundamental units called preons(-). Think of it like the smallest pixels making up the image of reality. While we can't directly measure these fundamental building blocks, QGD lays the groundwork for quantitative predictions through several key concepts:

• Fundamental Units and the Speed of Light: QGD proposes fundamental units for things like displacement and momentum, rooted in the properties of preons(+). Crucially, it introduces a constant intrinsic velocity of preons (+), denoted as c, which is also the intrinsic speed of light. While the exact numerical value of these fundamental units might not be given by the theory alone at the outset, QGD defines the relationships between different physical quantities in terms of these units, setting the stage for proportional predictions.
• From Discrete to Continuous: The Emergence of Euclidean Space: While the fundamental level is discrete, QGD includes a crucial "Theorem on the Emergence of Euclidian Space from Quantum-Geometrical Space". This is a game-changer because it means that at everyday scales, and even at astronomical scales, our familiar Euclidean geometry acts as a very good approximation of the underlying discrete structure. This allows physicists working with QGD to use the powerful tools of continuous mathematics when dealing with macroscopic phenomena, making calculations feasible.
• Introducing Metric Properties for Measurable Quantities: Since we can't directly measure the intrinsic properties of preons, QGD introduces the idea of using metric properties. These are essentially scaled versions of the intrinsic properties that can be related to what we actually measure in our labs and telescopes. For example, QGD defines metric velocity and metric mass. The great thing is that the fundamental equations within QGD remain valid even when we substitute these metric properties, as long as all quantities in the equation are metric. This provides a vital link between the theoretical framework and the observable universe.
• The Curious Case of Light Speed: One-Way vs. Two-Way: QGD makes a fascinating prediction about the speed of light. It distinguishes between the intrinsic speed (c), the metric speed (c), and the speed we typically measure using a round trip. The theory predicts that while two-way measurements of the speed of light will be constant and equal to the metric velocity, one-way measurements will be anisotropic (different depending on direction) and will not be constant. Proposing experiments to precisely measure the one-way speed of light is a key step in putting QGD to a quantitative test and potentially determining the metric velocity in relation to the fundamental constant c.
• Key Testable Predictions to Differentiate QGD: The strength of any new theory lies in its ability to make predictions that differ from existing ones. QGD steps up to this challenge with several unique predictions:
• Differences in Gravitational Redshift: QGD posits an intrinsic gravitational redshift at the source due to gravitational acceleration, offering a different perspective on the observed cosmological redshift compared to some interpretations of general relativity.
• Non-Equivalence of Accelerations: QGD suggests that gravitational and non-gravitational acceleration might not be equivalent in all scenarios, proposing experiments to detect effects based on the absolute velocity of a laboratory.
• Momentum Transfer Differences: The theory predicts that the transfer of momentum through electromagnetic interactions will differ measurably from gravitationally imparted momentum due to the underlying preonic structure of particles.
• Dark Matter Halo Properties: QGD offers specific predictions about the distribution of dark matter in galaxies, such as the prohibition of a "cuspy" halo and a flat rotation curve extending further than current models suggest.
• The Nature of LIGO-Virgo Signals: QGD proposes that the signals detected as gravitational waves might actually be preonic waves, offering avenues for potential future experiments to distinguish between these interpretations.
• Anisotropic One-Way Light Speed: The prediction of a non-constant, anisotropic one-way speed of light is a direct and potentially measurable deviation from standard physics.
• Quantifying Gravity: Assigning Value to the Constant k: QGD's equation for gravitational interactions includes a proportionality constant, k. To move from qualitative descriptions of gravity to quantitative predictions of its strength, the value of this constant needs to be determined experimentally. By carefully observing gravitational interactions, measuring metric masses, and determining distances, scientists could potentially infer the value of k, allowing for numerical calculations of gravitational effects within the QGD framework.
• Using Metric Properties for Numerical Predictions: Once we have metric properties linked to measurements and values for fundamental constants within QGD, we can start plugging these into the theory's equations. This would allow for the calculation of quantitative predictions for various phenomena. For instance, by measuring the metric velocity of a galaxy, its metric momentum and energy could be numerically determined using QGD's definitions.

In Conclusion:

Transforming QGD from a fascinating theoretical framework into a quantitatively predictive one is an ongoing process. It hinges on building a robust mathematical structure, defining measurable metric counterparts to fundamental properties, deriving precise relationships between these properties, and crucially, designing and conducting experiments to measure key quantities and determine the values of fundamental constants within the theory. The unique predictions offered by QGD, particularly regarding the one-way speed of light and subtle differences in gravitational and non-gravitational interactions, provide exciting avenues for future research that could either validate or refine this intriguing approach to physics. The journey from qualitative ideas to quantitative predictions is a hallmark of scientific progress, and QGD is actively taking steps along this path.

An AI Podcast about Quantum-Geometry Dynamics

Here is a podcast introducing the concepts and their implications presented in Quantum-Geometry Dynamics; an axiomatic approach to physics.The podcast was generated by Notebook LM. The podcast provides an accurate indepth presentation of the theory.

Particular Interpretation of Double-Slit Experiments

 

Following the failure of classical physics theories to explain the interference patterns observed in double slit experiments and other light diffraction experiments and because of the similarities between these patterns and the interference patterns produced by waves at the surface of a liquid, physicists deduced that light was behaving as a wave. However, only the particle model appeared to explain phenomena such as the photoelectric effect. Consequently, physicists deduced that light was corpuscular or wave-like depending on the experiment performed on it. But what these experiments show is that neither accepted models of light could explain both behaviours and emphasized the need for a new theory.

One Way Measurement of the Speed of Light (updated)

The experimental setup (see diagrams next page) requires two clocks A and B that have similar mechanisms which include memory, capability to transmit and receive timestamped encoded of light signals. The clocks are kept at a constant distance relative to each other which can be tested using the time of flight in two-way measurements. Light signals will be timestamped since the information encoded in timestamps are independent of measurements of time of flight. There is no prior requirement to synchronize the clocks.

The Doppler and Intrinsic Redshifts in discrete space

The-Doppler-and-Intrinsic-Redshift-Effects-in-Discrete-Space

Bellow is a chapter of Quantum-Geometry Dynamics; an axiomatic approach to physics